Explore the classification of anesthetic APIs into general and local anesthetics, highlighting their mechanisms and examples like amide and ester types for medical use.
General Anesthetic APIs
General anesthetics work by targeting the central nervous system (CNS) to cause a temporary state of unconsciousness. Administration of these drugs occurs through inhalation and intravenous methods. APIs inhibit synaptic transmission through their actions on neurotransmitter receptors, which include both GABA_A and NMDA.
Local Anesthetic APIs
Local anesthetics selectively block sodium channels in peripheral nerves, thereby preventing pain signal transmission without affecting consciousness. These agents are structurally divided into amide and ester types:
Amide-type APIs: Lidocaine, Bupivacaine, Ropivacaine, Mepivacaine
Ester-type APIs: Procaine, Tetracaine, Chloroprocaine, Articaine
They are widely used in minor surgical procedures, dental practices, and regional nerve blocks.
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